Until recently, the IOC capped the number of sports at the summer Olympics at 28, meaning that not only is there fierce competition among athletes at the Games, there's also competition among actual sports to be held there.
　　到目前为止，国际奥委会规定的夏季奥运会比赛项目上限为28项。也就是说，奥运会中，不仅是运动选手们面临着激烈的竞争，实际的体育运动项目是否能被列入赛事，也需要竞争。This means that over the years, some athletic events have had to disappear from the Games so that sports like trampoline and cycling BMX could take their place. Here, we take a look at the sports we've lost to the annals of Olympics history.

　　这意味着在过去的多年时间里，一些体育项目从奥运会的赛事中退出，让位给了蹦床和自行车越野赛等项目。这里，我们不妨一起回顾一下那些淡出在奥运舞台的体育项目。

　　Tug of war

　　拔河
 

图片来源：Bettmann

　　Tug of war was a sport in the summer Games from 1900 to 1920.

　　在1900年至1920年期间，拔河曾是夏季奥运会项目之一。

　　A country could have more than one team, which led to the United States winning gold, silver, and bronze at the 1904 Games in St. Louis.

　　一个国家可以派遣多支队伍参加比赛，因此，1904年的圣路易斯奥运会上，美国包揽了金银铜牌。

　　The powers that be in the tug of war world reapplied for formal inclusion at the 2020 Tokyo games along with 26 other sports; however, it was not shortlisted.

　　拔河界人士曾申请让这项运动重现2020年东京奥运会，成为第27项赛事，不过并未如愿。

　　Rope climbing
 

　爬绳

图片来源：Popperfoto

　　Rope climbing, a gymnastics event, was part of the first modern Games in Athens in 1896.

　　爬绳作为一项体操项目，曾在1896年第一届现代雅典奥运会中亮相。

　　Competitors were originally judged on form and style; during later Olympiads, they were judged on speed and-in the case they couldn't reach the top of the rope-height.

　　该项目最初的评分标准是爬绳的形式与风格，后来的几届奥运会中，又纳入了速度和高度（如果没能登顶的话）。

　　The event remained on the program until 1932.

　　直到1932年，该运动才从奥运舞台上消失。

　　One-hand lift
 

　单手举重

图片来源：Popperfoto

　　This event was part of the weightlifting competition from 1896 to 1906.

　　这是1896年至1906年期间举重比赛的一部分。

　　Competitors had to perform three lifts using each hand, and the winner was determined by combining the scores from both hands.

　　参赛者需要单手完成三次举重，根据双手总成绩评出最终获胜者。

　　Hot-air ballooning
 

　热气球

图片来源：Popperfoto

　　Hot-air ballooning was an exhibition sport at the 1900 Games in Paris in which pilots were judged on distance traveled, length of flight, and their ability to land on certain coordinates.

　　热气球飞行作为展示型赛事出现于1900年的巴黎奥运会，根据飞行员飞过的路线距离、直线距离以及定点投靶能力进行评判。

　　It never had a chance for official inclusion in the Olympics after another sport that no longer exists in the Games-motorboat racing, which lasted for only the 1908 Olympics-led to a ban on motorized sports.

　　后来，另一项已经消失的奥运项目--摩托艇比赛--在1908年奥运会上终结，机动运动被禁止，热气球飞行再无机会加入奥运会官方赛事中。

　　Live pigeon shooting
 

　活鸽射击

图片来源：Popperfoto

　　The 1900 Games in Paris were held as part of the World's Fair and lasted for over five months, hence all the demonstration sports mixed in with official ones.

　　作为一项世界型赛事，1990年巴黎奥运会持续举办了五个月之久，因为所有的表演型项目与官方比赛项目混合进行。

　　The live pigeon shooting event marked the first and last time animals were ever intentionally killed during the Games.

　　这一届奥运会中的活鸽射击比赛，被视为奥运会历史上第一次（也是最后一次）蓄意猎杀动物的项目。

　　It was described and "messy."

　　当时的人们形容这场比赛为"一团乱"（messy）。

　　Tandem cycling
 

　双座协力自由车

图片来源：Past Pix

　　Picture a bicycle built for two, the song goes, "Daisy, Daisy, give me your answer, do."

　　有一首名叫《双人自行车》（A Bicycle Built for two）的儿歌唱道："黛西黛西，请给我你的答复。"

　　Now picture two men riding that bicycle in a very serious, competitive manner at the Olympics. 而在双座协力自由车比赛中，两位男士是以认真的态度和竞争精神在参与奥运会。

　　That debuted at the Games in 1908, then reappeared at every summer Olympics from 1920 to 1972.

　　该运动于1908年首次亮相奥运会，后来出现在1920年至1972年期间的每一届夏季奥运会上。

　　Solo synchronized swimming
 

　单人花样游泳

图片来源：Bettmann

　　This oxymoronic event was added in 1984, and it somehow took three Olympiads for the IOC to realize how easy it was for an individual swimmer to remain synchronized with…herself.

　　这项充满矛盾的协调性运动于1984年加入奥运会赛事，在整整三届奥运会后，奥委会才意识到单人游泳运动员要和自己保持协调有多么容易。。。

　　Organizers claim the swimmer was remaining in sync with the music, but the solo synchronized swimming disappeared in 1992.

　　虽然组织者声称选手需要和音乐保持协调，但单人花样游泳还是在1992年从奥运会历史舞台消失。

　　Roller hockey
 

　旱冰曲棍球

图片来源：Twin Images

　　The sport had its moment in the sun as a demonstration in the 1992 Barcelona Games, although the version played is actually closer to what's known as "rink hockey."

　　1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上，这项赛事大放光彩，虽然形式上看起来和冰上曲棍球差不多。There were rumors the IOC would make roller hockey an official Olympic sport in 1996, but politicking over adding more disciplines-such as artistic skating -in addition to hockey, led to all roller skating events being shut out.

　　曾有流言称国际奥委会将在1996年把该运动列为官方赛事，但政策上对这些赛事做出了更多限制，所有滚轴轮滑项目全部被取消。